The following materials/techniques are used:

calligraphy

most often excuted with steel nibs, other implements include quills and brushes.

miniatures

miniatures typically fall under the 1/6 rule, i.e., the subject matter is 1/6 life-size or less, or if abstract, then in the spirit of miniaturism.
all miniature works are under 5x5"

watercolors

watercolors used are opaque, known as gouache, allowing lighter colors to be used on darker grounds.

22k gold

fine 22k gold leaf is adhered using a centuries-old recipe for gesso as a base, then adhering the gold leaf to the surface.

calfskin

calfskin, or vellum, is used for the smaller works.
its velvety surface lends itself well to opaque watercolors and gold leaf.

mixed media

among the mixed media used are semi-precious gems, pearls, glass, wire and wood.

example of miniature in opaque watercolor and 22k gold leaf on calfskin

in peace, goodwill
approx 3" diameter